Fix federated interactions and reply threads

src/app/api/chat/send/route.ts

@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ import { requireSignedAction } from '@/lib/auth/verify-signature';
 import { eq, and } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { createSignedPayload } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
-
+import { federatedHandleSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
-const handleRegex = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,20}$/;
 
 const chatSendSchema = z.object({
     recipientDid: z.string().min(1).regex(/^did:/, 'Must be a valid DID (did:key:... or did:synapsis:...)'),
-    recipientHandle: z.string().min(3).max(30).regex(handleRegex, 'Handle must be 3-20 characters, alphanumeric and underscores only'),
+    recipientHandle: federatedHandleSchema,
     content: z.string().min(1).max(5000),
 });
 

src/app/api/posts/[id]/route.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 import { db, posts, users, media, remotePosts } from '@/db';
-import { eq, desc, and, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { eq, desc, and, sql, inArray } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 // Schema for local post ID (UUID)
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export async function GET(
                             linkPreviewImage: data.post.linkPreviewImage,
                         };
 
-                        // Transform replies
+                        // Transform replies from the origin node
                         replyPosts = (data.replies || []).map((r: any) => ({
                             id: `swarm:${originDomain}:${r.id}`,
                             originalPostId: r.id,
@@ -103,6 +103,60 @@ export async function GET(
                             })) || [],
                         }));
 
+                        const localSwarmReplyId = `swarm:${originDomain}:${originalPostId}`;
+                        const localReplies = await db.query.posts.findMany({
+                            where: and(
+                                eq(posts.swarmReplyToId, localSwarmReplyId),
+                                eq(posts.isRemoved, false)
+                            ),
+                            with: {
+                                author: true,
+                                media: true,
+                            },
+                            orderBy: [desc(posts.createdAt)],
+                        });
+
+                        if (localReplies.length > 0) {
+                            let likedReplyIds = new Set<string>();
+                            let repostedReplyIds = new Set<string | null>();
+
+                            try {
+                                const { requireAuth } = await import('@/lib/auth');
+                                const { likes } = await import('@/db');
+                                const viewer = await requireAuth();
+                                const localReplyIds = localReplies.map(reply => reply.id);
+
+                                const viewerLikes = await db.query.likes.findMany({
+                                    where: and(
+                                        eq(likes.userId, viewer.id),
+                                        inArray(likes.postId, localReplyIds)
+                                    ),
+                                });
+                                likedReplyIds = new Set(viewerLikes.map(like => like.postId));
+
+                                const viewerReposts = await db.query.posts.findMany({
+                                    where: and(
+                                        eq(posts.userId, viewer.id),
+                                        inArray(posts.repostOfId, localReplyIds),
+                                        eq(posts.isRemoved, false)
+                                    ),
+                                });
+                                repostedReplyIds = new Set(viewerReposts.map(reply => reply.repostOfId));
+                            } catch {
+                            }
+
+                            const formattedLocalReplies = localReplies.map((reply: any) => ({
+                                ...reply,
+                                isLiked: likedReplyIds.has(reply.id),
+                                isReposted: repostedReplyIds.has(reply.id),
+                            }));
+
+                            replyPosts = [...formattedLocalReplies, ...replyPosts]
+                                .sort((a, b) => new Date(b.createdAt).getTime() - new Date(a.createdAt).getTime());
+
+                            mainPost.repliesCount = (mainPost.repliesCount || 0) + localReplies.length;
+                        }
+
                         // Check if current user has liked this post
                         try {
                             const { requireAuth } = await import('@/lib/auth');

src/app/api/posts/route.ts

@@ -534,6 +534,25 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
             });
 
             // Transform swarm posts to match local post format
+            const localSwarmReplyIds = swarmResult.posts.map(sp => `swarm:${sp.nodeDomain}:${sp.id}`);
+            const localReplyCounts = localSwarmReplyIds.length > 0
+                ? await db.select({
+                    swarmReplyToId: posts.swarmReplyToId,
+                    count: sql<number>`count(*)`,
+                })
+                    .from(posts)
+                    .where(and(
+                        inArray(posts.swarmReplyToId, localSwarmReplyIds),
+                        eq(posts.isRemoved, false)
+                    ))
+                    .groupBy(posts.swarmReplyToId)
+                : [];
+            const localReplyCountMap = new Map(
+                localReplyCounts
+                    .filter(row => row.swarmReplyToId)
+                    .map(row => [row.swarmReplyToId as string, Number(row.count || 0)])
+            );
+
             const swarmPosts = swarmResult.posts.map(sp => ({
                 id: `swarm:${sp.nodeDomain}:${sp.id}`,
                 originalPostId: sp.id, // Keep the original ID for replies
@@ -541,7 +560,7 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
                 createdAt: new Date(sp.createdAt),
                 likesCount: sp.likeCount,
                 repostsCount: sp.repostCount,
-                repliesCount: sp.replyCount,
+                repliesCount: sp.replyCount + (localReplyCountMap.get(`swarm:${sp.nodeDomain}:${sp.id}`) || 0),
                 isSwarm: true,
                 nodeDomain: sp.nodeDomain,
                 author: {

src/app/api/search/route.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 import { db, users, posts, likes } from '@/db';
 import { ilike, or, desc, and, notInArray, eq, inArray } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { fetchSwarmUserProfile, isSwarmNode } from '@/lib/swarm/interactions';
+import { discoverNode } from '@/lib/swarm/discovery';
 
 type SearchUser = {
     id: string;
@@ -127,7 +128,12 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
             const parsedRemote = parseRemoteHandleQuery(query);
             if (parsedRemote) {
                 // Only lookup on swarm nodes
-                const isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(parsedRemote.domain);
+                let isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(parsedRemote.domain);
+                if (!isSwarm) {
+                    const discovery = await discoverNode(parsedRemote.domain);
+                    isSwarm = discovery.success;
+                }
+
                 if (isSwarm) {
                     try {
                         const profileData = await fetchSwarmUserProfile(parsedRemote.handle, parsedRemote.domain, 0);

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/follow/route.ts

@@ -14,15 +14,16 @@ import { db, users, notifications, remoteFollowers } from '@/db';
 import { eq, and, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmFollowSchema = z.object({
-  targetHandle: z.string().min(3).max(30).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/, 'Handle must be alphanumeric with underscores'),
+  targetHandle: localHandleSchema,
   follow: z.object({
-    followerHandle: z.string().min(3).max(30).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/, 'Handle must be alphanumeric with underscores'),
+    followerHandle: localHandleSchema,
     followerDisplayName: z.string().min(1).max(50),
     followerAvatarUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
     followerBio: z.string().max(500).optional(),
-    followerNodeDomain: z.string().min(1).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]{1,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/, 'Invalid domain format'),
+    followerNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
     interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
     timestamp: z.string().datetime(),
   }),

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/like/route.ts

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ import { db, posts, users, notifications, remoteLikes } from '@/db';
 import { eq, and } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmLikeSchema = z.object({
   postId: z.string().uuid(),
   like: z.object({
-    actorHandle: z.string().min(3).max(30).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/, 'Handle must be alphanumeric with underscores'),
+    actorHandle: localHandleSchema,
     actorDisplayName: z.string().min(1).max(50),
     actorAvatarUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
-    actorNodeDomain: z.string().min(1).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]{1,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/, 'Invalid domain format'),
+    actorNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
     interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
     timestamp: z.string().datetime(),
   }),

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/mention/route.ts

@@ -11,18 +11,19 @@ import { db, users, notifications } from '@/db';
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmMentionSchema = z.object({
-  mentionedHandle: z.string(),
+  mentionedHandle: localHandleSchema,
   mention: z.object({
-    actorHandle: z.string(),
+    actorHandle: localHandleSchema,
-    actorDisplayName: z.string(),
+    actorDisplayName: z.string().min(1).max(50),
-    actorAvatarUrl: z.string().optional(),
+    actorAvatarUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
-    actorNodeDomain: z.string(),
+    actorNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
-    postId: z.string(),
+    postId: z.string().uuid(),
-    postContent: z.string(),
+    postContent: z.string().max(10000),
-    interactionId: z.string(),
+    interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
-    timestamp: z.string(),
+    timestamp: z.string().datetime(),
   }),
   signature: z.string(),
 });

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/repost/route.ts

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ import { db, posts, users, notifications } from '@/db';
 import { eq, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmRepostSchema = z.object({
   postId: z.string().uuid(),
   repost: z.object({
-    actorHandle: z.string().min(3).max(30).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/, 'Handle must be alphanumeric with underscores'),
+    actorHandle: localHandleSchema,
     actorDisplayName: z.string().min(1).max(50),
     actorAvatarUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
-    actorNodeDomain: z.string().min(1).regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]{1,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/, 'Invalid domain format'),
+    actorNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
     repostId: z.string().uuid(),
     interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
     timestamp: z.string().datetime(),

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/unfollow/route.ts

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ import { db, users, remoteFollowers } from '@/db';
 import { eq, and, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmUnfollowSchema = z.object({
-  targetHandle: z.string(),
+  targetHandle: localHandleSchema,
   unfollow: z.object({
-    followerHandle: z.string(),
+    followerHandle: localHandleSchema,
-    followerNodeDomain: z.string(),
+    followerNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
-    interactionId: z.string(),
+    interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
-    timestamp: z.string(),
+    timestamp: z.string().datetime(),
   }),
   signature: z.string(),
 });

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/unlike/route.ts

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ import { db, posts, remoteLikes } from '@/db';
 import { eq, and } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmUnlikeSchema = z.object({
   postId: z.string().uuid(),
   unlike: z.object({
-    actorHandle: z.string(),
+    actorHandle: localHandleSchema,
-    actorNodeDomain: z.string(),
+    actorNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
-    interactionId: z.string(),
+    interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
-    timestamp: z.string(),
+    timestamp: z.string().datetime(),
   }),
   signature: z.string(),
 });

src/app/api/swarm/interactions/unrepost/route.ts

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ import { db, posts } from '@/db';
 import { eq, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { verifyUserInteraction } from '@/lib/swarm/signature';
+import { localHandleSchema, nodeDomainSchema } from '@/lib/utils/federation';
 
 const swarmUnrepostSchema = z.object({
   postId: z.string().uuid(),
   unrepost: z.object({
-    actorHandle: z.string(),
+    actorHandle: localHandleSchema,
-    actorNodeDomain: z.string(),
+    actorNodeDomain: nodeDomainSchema,
-    interactionId: z.string(),
+    interactionId: z.string().uuid(),
-    timestamp: z.string(),
+    timestamp: z.string().datetime(),
   }),
   signature: z.string(),
 });

src/app/api/users/[handle]/follow/route.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { eq, and, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { requireAuth } from '@/lib/auth';
 import { requireSignedAction } from '@/lib/auth/verify-signature';
 import { isSwarmNode, deliverSwarmFollow, deliverSwarmUnfollow, cacheSwarmUserPosts } from '@/lib/swarm/interactions';
+import { discoverNode } from '@/lib/swarm/discovery';
 
 type RouteContext = { params: Promise<{ handle: string }> };
 
@@ -115,7 +116,12 @@ export async function POST(request: Request, context: RouteContext) {
             }
 
             // Only allow following swarm nodes
-            const isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remote.domain);
+            let isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remote.domain);
+            if (!isSwarm) {
+                const discovery = await discoverNode(remote.domain, nodeDomain);
+                isSwarm = discovery.success;
+            }
+
             if (!isSwarm) {
                 return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Can only follow users on Synapsis swarm nodes' }, { status: 400 });
             }

src/app/api/users/[handle]/posts/route.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 import { db, posts, users, likes } from '@/db';
 import { eq, desc, and, inArray, lt } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { fetchSwarmUserProfile, isSwarmNode } from '@/lib/swarm/interactions';
+import { discoverNode } from '@/lib/swarm/discovery';
 
 type RouteContext = { params: Promise<{ handle: string }> };
 
@@ -30,7 +31,12 @@ export async function GET(request: Request, context: RouteContext) {
             }
 
             // Only fetch from swarm nodes
-            const isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remote.domain);
+            let isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remote.domain);
+            if (!isSwarm) {
+                const discovery = await discoverNode(remote.domain);
+                isSwarm = discovery.success;
+            }
+
             if (!isSwarm) {
                 return NextResponse.json({ posts: [], message: 'Only Synapsis swarm nodes are supported' });
             }
@@ -81,7 +87,12 @@ export async function GET(request: Request, context: RouteContext) {
             }
 
             // Only fetch from swarm nodes
-            const isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remote.domain);
+            let isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remote.domain);
+            if (!isSwarm) {
+                const discovery = await discoverNode(remote.domain);
+                isSwarm = discovery.success;
+            }
+
             if (!isSwarm) {
                 return NextResponse.json({ posts: [], message: 'Only Synapsis swarm nodes are supported' });
             }

src/app/api/users/[handle]/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { eq, and } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth';
 import { db, users, follows } from '@/db';
 import { fetchSwarmUserProfile, isSwarmNode } from '@/lib/swarm/interactions';
+import { discoverNode } from '@/lib/swarm/discovery';
 
 type RouteContext = { params: Promise<{ handle: string }> };
 
@@ -40,7 +41,12 @@ export async function GET(request: Request, context: RouteContext) {
         if (!user || isRemotePlaceholder) {
             if (remoteHandle && remoteDomain) {
                 // Only fetch from swarm nodes
-                const isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remoteDomain);
+                let isSwarm = await isSwarmNode(remoteDomain);
+                if (!isSwarm) {
+                    const discovery = await discoverNode(remoteDomain);
+                    isSwarm = discovery.success;
+                }
+
                 if (isSwarm) {
                     const profileData = await fetchSwarmUserProfile(remoteHandle, remoteDomain, 0);
                     if (profileData?.profile) {

src/app/explore/page.tsx

@@ -269,7 +269,12 @@ export default function ExplorePage() {
 
     const handleLike = async (postId: string, currentLiked: boolean) => {
         const method = currentLiked ? 'DELETE' : 'POST';
-        await fetch(`/api/posts/${postId}/like`, { method });
+        const res = await fetch(`/api/posts/${postId}/like`, { method });
+
+        if (!res.ok) {
+            const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update like');
+        }
     };
 
     const handleRepost = async (postId: string, currentReposted: boolean) => {

src/app/page.tsx

@@ -164,10 +164,13 @@ export default function Home() {
 
   const handleLike = async (postId: string, currentLiked: boolean) => {
     if (!did || !handle) return;
-    if (currentLiked) {
+    const res = currentLiked
-      await signedAPI.unlikePost(postId, did, handle);
+      ? await signedAPI.unlikePost(postId, did, handle)
-    } else {
+      : await signedAPI.likePost(postId, did, handle);
-      await signedAPI.likePost(postId, did, handle);
+
+    if (!res.ok) {
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update like');
     }
   };
 

src/app/search/page.tsx

@@ -182,7 +182,12 @@ export default function SearchPage() {
 
     const handleLike = async (postId: string, currentLiked: boolean) => {
         const method = currentLiked ? 'DELETE' : 'POST';
-        await fetch(`/api/posts/${postId}/like`, { method });
+        const res = await fetch(`/api/posts/${postId}/like`, { method });
+
+        if (!res.ok) {
+            const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update like');
+        }
     };
 
     const handleRepost = async (postId: string, currentReposted: boolean) => {

src/app/u/[handle]/page.tsx

@@ -208,7 +208,12 @@ export default function ProfilePage() {
 
     const handleLike = async (postId: string, currentLiked: boolean) => {
         const method = currentLiked ? 'DELETE' : 'POST';
-        await fetch(`/api/posts/${postId}/like`, { method });
+        const res = await fetch(`/api/posts/${postId}/like`, { method });
+
+        if (!res.ok) {
+            const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update like');
+        }
     };
 
     const handleRepost = async (postId: string, currentReposted: boolean) => {

src/app/u/[handle]/posts/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -83,10 +83,13 @@ export default function PostDetailPage() {
 
     const handleLike = async (postId: string, currentLiked: boolean) => {
         if (!did || !userHandle) return;
-        if (currentLiked) {
+        const res = currentLiked
-            await signedAPI.unlikePost(postId, did, userHandle);
+            ? await signedAPI.unlikePost(postId, did, userHandle)
-        } else {
+            : await signedAPI.likePost(postId, did, userHandle);
-            await signedAPI.likePost(postId, did, userHandle);
+
+        if (!res.ok) {
+            const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update like');
         }
     };
 

src/components/PostCard.tsx

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ export function PostCard({ post, onLike, onRepost, onComment, onDelete, onHide,
     const { showToast } = useToast();
     const router = useRouter();
     const [liked, setLiked] = useState(post.isLiked || false);
+    const [likesCount, setLikesCount] = useState(post.likesCount || 0);
+    const [likePending, setLikePending] = useState(false);
     const [reposted, setReposted] = useState(post.isReposted || false);
     const [repostsCount, setRepostsCount] = useState(post.repostsCount || 0);
     const [repostPending, setRepostPending] = useState(false);
@@ -57,14 +59,13 @@ export function PostCard({ post, onLike, onRepost, onComment, onDelete, onHide,
     const [showMenu, setShowMenu] = useState(false);
     const domain = useDomain();
     const authorHandle = useFormattedHandle(post.author.handle, post.nodeDomain);
-    const replyToHandle = post.replyTo?.author?.handle ? useFormattedHandle(post.replyTo.author.handle) : '';
-
     // Sync state if post changes (e.g. after a re-render from parent)
     useEffect(() => {
         setLiked(post.isLiked || false);
+        setLikesCount(post.likesCount || 0);
         setReposted(post.isReposted || false);
         setRepostsCount(post.repostsCount || 0);
-    }, [post.isLiked, post.isReposted, post.repostsCount, post.id]);
+    }, [post.isLiked, post.likesCount, post.isReposted, post.repostsCount, post.id]);
 
     const formatTime = (dateStr: string | Date) => {
         const date = new Date(dateStr);
@@ -93,18 +94,37 @@ export function PostCard({ post, onLike, onRepost, onComment, onDelete, onHide,
         return date.toLocaleDateString();
     };
 
-    const handleLike = (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    const handleLike = async (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
         e.preventDefault();
         e.stopPropagation();
 
+        if (likePending) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!isIdentityUnlocked) {
             showToast('Please log in to like posts', 'error');
             return;
         }
 
         const currentLiked = liked;
-        setLiked(!currentLiked);
+        const currentLikesCount = likesCount;
-        onLike?.(post.id, currentLiked); // Pass current state before toggle
+        const nextLiked = !currentLiked;
+        const nextLikesCount = Math.max(0, currentLikesCount + (currentLiked ? -1 : 1));
+
+        setLiked(nextLiked);
+        setLikesCount(nextLikesCount);
+        setLikePending(true);
+
+        try {
+            await onLike?.(post.id, currentLiked);
+        } catch (error) {
+            setLiked(currentLiked);
+            setLikesCount(currentLikesCount);
+            showToast(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to update like', 'error');
+        } finally {
+            setLikePending(false);
+        }
     };
 
     const handleRepost = async (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
@@ -410,6 +430,7 @@ export function PostCard({ post, onLike, onRepost, onComment, onDelete, onHide,
             ? JSON.parse(post.swarmReplyToAuthor)
             : post.swarmReplyToAuthor)?.nodeDomain,
     } as Post : null);
+    const replyToHandle = effectiveReplyTo?.author?.handle ? useFormattedHandle(effectiveReplyTo.author.handle, effectiveReplyTo.nodeDomain) : '';
 
     // If this is a thread parent being rendered, just render the article
     if (isThreadParent) {
@@ -685,7 +706,7 @@ export function PostCard({ post, onLike, onRepost, onComment, onDelete, onHide,
                     </button>
                     <button className={`post-action ${liked ? 'liked' : ''}`} onClick={handleLike}>
                         <HeartIcon filled={liked} />
-                        <span>{(post.likesCount - (post.isLiked ? 1 : 0)) + (liked ? 1 : 0) || ''}</span>
+                        <span>{likesCount || ''}</span>
                     </button>
                     <button className="post-action" onClick={handleReport} disabled={reporting}>
                         <FlagIcon />

src/lib/utils/federation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+const localHandlePattern = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,20}$/;
+const hostnameLabel = '[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?';
+const nodeDomainPattern = `(?:localhost|127\\.0\\.0\\.1|${hostnameLabel}(?:\\.${hostnameLabel})+)(?::\\d{1,5})?`;
+const federatedHandlePattern = new RegExp(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,20}(?:@${nodeDomainPattern})?$`);
+const nodeDomainRegex = new RegExp(`^${nodeDomainPattern}$`);
+
+export const localHandleSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .min(3)
+  .max(20)
+  .regex(localHandlePattern, 'Handle must be 3-20 characters, alphanumeric and underscores only');
+
+export const federatedHandleSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .min(3)
+  .max(255)
+  .regex(
+    federatedHandlePattern,
+    'Handle must be a local handle or a federated handle like user@example.com'
+  );
+
+export const nodeDomainSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .min(1)
+  .max(255)
+  .regex(nodeDomainRegex, 'Invalid node domain format');
+
+export function isValidNodeDomain(value: string): boolean {
+  return nodeDomainRegex.test(value);
+}